Coral Reef Travel

Silent Stickup: How You Lose Energy Without Knowing It

Where did all your energy go? You burned it, but not in ways you’d notice–ways that work up a sweat. (more…)

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You may already be doing some of these unconsciously. Here’s how to put it all together and become a complete jerk.

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Eerie caverns and subterranean springs linked by an endless labyrinth of caves. It’s a whole new world–a magic kingdom, if you will–and not a white-gloved rodent in sight.

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“Aw, come on. Don’t be a wuss!” To which we reply: “Better a wuss than a pretzel.”

Amazing, isn’t it? How divers can make a supposedly relaxing, recreational activity so darn competitive. Who surfaced with the most air? Who bagged the most game? Who went deepest? Sometimes the contests are harmless: “You mean you didn’t see the 12-foot moray?” Sometimes motivational: “You mean you haven’t been to Palau?” And sometimes downright dangerous: “You mean you only did two dives a day?”

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• Are you diving with a Hoover? Your preparation to share air begins well before you enter the water. What do you know about your buddy’s air consumption? Does he suck it up faster than a vacuum cleaner? Or does she seem to sip air like a fine wine, always ending a dive with more air than you? This isn’t a competition, but knowing your buddy’s rate of air consumption can help you make better decisions under water and possibly avoid having to share in the first place.
• Does it work? One of the problems with an alternate air source is that we tend to ignore it until the next annual tune-up–or emergency. In the meantime, it may have lost performance, become full of sand, developed a loose mouthpiece or a frozen purge button, etc. A low-on-air situation is not the best time to find out your alternate air source is non-functional. A good habit is to occasionally complete your safety stop breathing from your alternate air source.
• How long is your hose? Having an alternate air source is one thing; having it or your primary on a hose long enough to reach your buddy without a struggle is another. While it doesn’t have to be as long as a caver’s or wreck diver’s hose (capable of being passed ahead or behind), it should extend approximately two to three feet in front of you and allow the second stage to fit comfortably in your buddy’s mouth.
• What’s your tank pressure? Surfacing with at least 500 to 700 psi in your tank already makes a lot of sense: You might just need that air if something unexpected happens–a reverse squeeze, rough surface conditions, heavy kelp or a rescue for instance. But here’s another reason: As tank pressure decreases, the work of breathing for many regulators increases. (Indeed, the U.S. Navy originally set the 130-foot depth limit in the 1950s because of the poor performance of that era’s regulators below five atmospheres.) If your regulator is not designed for high performance–the ability to continue delivering the air demanded of it despite increased respiration and lowered tank pressures–or if it has lost performance due to poor maintenance, the stress of a second diver on it could cause overbreathing: the inability of a reg to deliver the air demanded of it. Being prepared to share air means having a well-maintained reg as well as an adequate supply of air.
• So what is your regulator’s performance rating? You can’t find it out from the manufacturer, the internet, other divers or other dive magazines. The only independent regulator tests done in the U.S. for consumers are by RSD’s ScubaLab and published here. Our evaluations are based on laboratory and ocean tests. Why? You can’t determine a reg’s true performance potential by breathing on it in a dive store or on a relaxed recreational dive. You must stress-test regulators on a breathing simulator and in the ocean at depths greater than 130 feet. Only in this manner can you find those regs with the back-up performance you may need one day, whether in a low-on-air situation, sharing air or in some other unforeseen emergency.
• Are you prepared for non-textbook air sharing? During pool practice, the low-on-air buddy calmly approaches you, calmly gives the “let’s share air” signal, and calmly takes your proffered second stage. Unfortunately, that’s not always the case in a real emergency in the real ocean, where the low-on-air buddy is more likely to swim furiously to you and, without giving a polite hand signal, snatch your second stage right from your mouth. That’s why to be truly prepared to share air, you must be ready to find and use your own alternate air source and be ready to take control of a buddy who may be panicked.

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Not since last century’s slaughter of whales has an animal been so doggedly hunted. And talk about bad press: The fearsome, loathsome shark has long since replaced Moby Dick as the symbol of all that we puny humans fear about the sea. No wonder we kill them by the millions, for their fins, for their cartilage, for the sheer hell of it.

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The state of Michigan has established more underwater preserves than any other. Here are six of our faves.

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How Does a Wetsuit Work?

Wetsuits keep you warm in two ways: One is by insulating against the direct conduction of heat from skin to water to neoprene to ocean. The insulation is entirely in the bubbles of nitrogen trapped within the neoprene, not the neoprene itself, which is merely a framework to position thousands of bubbles close to your skin.

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High Performance

This is a regulator’s ability to deliver air comfortably even in the most demanding situations. High performance is no longer limited to high-priced regulators, but is available in models priced from $200 on up. The challenge is knowing which regs have it–see.

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Wait just a minute. You took an excellent diving course with an excellent underwater instructor. You passed all the training standards with top scores. Why did you miss out on some of these techniques? Three reasons.

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